Research Progress on Active Components, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications of Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus)

Author：JIANG Qinjie¹, LIU Di², ZHONG Yong²

Unit：1.Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning Guangxi 530000, China; 2.Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, Nanning Guangxi 530226, China

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DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.20260413.001

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Abstract：

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus) contains core active components such as steroidal saponins, sulfur-containing volatile oils, and polysaccharides, which exhibit multidimensional pharmacological activities in cardiovascular protection, anti-tumor, and antioxidant fields. This article systematically reviews the recent research progress and current status of the active components, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus). Studies have shown that, in terms of active components, steroidal saponins and polysaccharides exert synergistic effects to enhance antioxidant activity, while the combination of volatile oils and saponins significantly improves antibacterial efficacy. Regarding pharmacological effects, Xiebai saponins can effectively inhibit platelet aggregation, and its lipid-lowering preparation “Xuezhitong Capsule”  (血滞通胶囊) can significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Meanwhile, Xiebai saponins can induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and show potential therapeutic value against lung cancer, breast cancer, and other malignancies. In addition, Xiebai polysaccharides exhibit excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, significantly increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain tissue, thus providing a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. At the clinical application level, Xiebai has achieved a deep integration of traditional experience and modern medicine. Future research should focus on its “multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway” characteristics, and further explore the medicinal and health values of Xiebai through targeted drug design, nano-delivery systems, and multi-center clinical trials, so as to promote the efficient development and utilization of this resource.

Key words：Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus); active components; pharmacological effects; clinical application; review

摘要：

薤白作为传统中药，其核心活性成分甾体皂苷、含硫挥发油及多糖在心血管保护、抗肿瘤及抗氧化领域呈现多维度药理活性。本文系统综述了近年来薤白活性成分、药理作用及临床应用的研究进展与现状。研究表明：在活性成分方面，甾体皂苷与多糖协同作用可增强抗氧化活性，挥发油与皂苷联用则可显著提升抗菌效力；在药理作用方面，薤白皂苷可有效抑制血小板聚集，其降脂制剂 “血滞通胶囊” 可显著降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平；同时，薤白皂苷能诱导肝癌细胞凋亡，对肺癌、乳腺癌等亦展现出潜在治疗价值。此外，薤白多糖在抗氧化及神经保护方面表现优异，可显著提升脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性并降低丙二醛（MDA）水平，为防治氧化应激相关的神经退行性疾病提供了新策略。临床应用层面，薤白实现了传统经验与现代医学的深度融合。未来研究应聚焦其 “多成分 - 多靶点 - 多通路” 特性，通过靶向药物设计、纳米递送系统及多中心临床试验，深度挖掘薤白的药用与保健价值，推动资源的高效开发利用。

关键词：薤白；活性成分；药理作用；临床应用；综述

Release time：2026-04-14

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